For his seminal contributions to surface science, disordered systems and photonics

For the creation of the field of semiconductor nanoelectronics and discovery of new quantum phenomena

For groundbreaking innovation and transformative contributions to electromagnetic complex materials and nanoscale optics, and for pioneering development of the fields of near-zero-index metamaterials, and material-inspired analogue computation and optical nanocircuitry.

For founding the discipline named quantum computation and establishing quantum computation's fundamental idea, now known as the ‘qubit’ or quantum bit.

For pioneering and sustained contributions to the development of ultrafast lasers and coherent X-ray sources and the use of such sources to understand the quantum nature of materials.

For advancing the science of stellar dynamics and using strong physical intuition to widen and deepen our understanding of how galaxies are structured and formed.

For pioneering and enduring work on the fundamental electronic properties of molecular semiconductors and in their engineering development.