Outstanding achievement in the field of electronics and communications technologies.

Discovery of the AIDS-causing virus and development of diagnostic methods.

Studies on the mechanisms of stratospheric ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons.

Pioneering contributions to the syntheses of prostaglandins and their related compounds which are of great therapeutic value.

Establishment of an academic field named Artificial Intelligence and the proposal of fundamental theories in that field.

Initiation of the theory of plate tectonics and contributions to its development.

Contributions to analysis and control of distributed systems, and to promotion of applied analysis.

Development of ultrasound imaging in medicine.

Contributions to the new development of the chemistry and physics of solid surfaces.

Discovery of method of the cryopreservation of semen and embryos in farm animals.

Development of modern seismology and advancement of international cooperation in disaster science.

Development of the polymerase chain reaction.

Inspirational leadership in unmanned lunar and planetary exploration, and for pioneering achievements in the development of spacecraft and deep space communications.

Discovery of dopamine as a neurotransmitter and clarification of its role in mental and motor functions and their disorders.

Outstanding contributions to research and practical applications of light emitting diodes and lasers through pioneering achievements in the understanding of physical principles and in the process technology of intermetallic compound semiconductors.

Pioneer contributions in the development of Integrated Pest Management by the Sterile Insect Release Method and other biological approaches.

For pioneering research on wideband, low-loss optical fiber communications.

Elucidation of the functional principles and neural mechanisms of the cerebellum.

Contribution to establishment of fundamental concept on causes of cancer.

Establishment of the robot industry and creation of a techno-global paradigm.

For the creation and realization of the concept of man-made superlattice crystals which lead to generation of new materials with useful applications.

Establishment of the theory and method of the production of transgenic plants.

Establishment of coding theory for reliable digital communication, broadcasting and storage.

Elucidation of the three-dimensional structures of class I and class II human histocompatibility antigens and their bound peptides.

Establishment of an ecological city planning process and proposal of a land use evaluation system.

Discovery of Immunoglobulin E and mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergic reactions.

Discovery of environmentally benign electrode materials for high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries.

Contribution to the development of biological / fisheries oceanography and for conservation of fishery resources and marine environment.

Advancement of civilization through invention, implementation and deployment of the World Wide Web.

Pioneering work on mammalian embryonic development.

Creation of universal concepts in complex systems-chaos and fractals.

Discovery of the principle for functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Pioneering work on photochemical catalysis and its application for the environment.

Contributions to the understanding of shelf ecosystems and their sustainable utilization.

Observational, experimental and theoretical achievements for the scientific understanding and conservation of Biodiversity.

Pioneering contributions to Natural Language Processing and Intelligent Image Processing.

Fundamental contribution in elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion.

For pioneering research on atmospheric structure and composition based on his satellite observation technology and for promotion of international assessments of climate change.

The discovery of the Statins and their development.

The discovery of Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) and its contribution to development of innovative spin-electronics devices.

Contribution to the conservation of tropical forest.

Creation of network architecture and communication protocol for the Internet.

Establishment of medical genetics and contributions to its development.

Contribution towards a sustainable world as founded in the 1972 Report titled The Limits to Growth.

Contribution to tomographic imaging in nuclear medicine.

Contributions to high-density magnetic recording technology by the development of a perpendicular magnetic recording method.

Contributions to solving global environmental issues based on the analysis of nitrogen and other substances’ cycles.

Development of the operating system, UNIX.

Discovery of interleukin-6 and its application in treating diseases.

Development of a new therapeutic drug targeting cancer-specific molecules.

Developing the world's highest performing Nd-Fe-B type permanent magnet and contributing to energy conservation.

Development of chemically amplified resist polymer materials for innovative semiconductor manufacturing process.

Contribution to marine environmental conservation through research on ecology and biodiversity of deep-sea organisms.

Pioneering research on semiconductor lasers for high-capacity long-distance optical fiber communication.

Discovery of histone modifications as fundamental regulators of gene expression.

Contribution to development of innovative concept on river basin management and reduction of water-related disasters.

Proposal of the concept of gene therapy and its clinical applications.

Creation of unconventional inorganic materials with novel electronic functions based on nano-structure engineering.

Contribution to modern crop breeding through research on development of molecular genetic analysis.

Elucidation of the genome editing mechanism by the CRISPR-Cas.

Contribution to information security through pioneering research on cryptography.

Discovery of B and T lymphocyte lineages and its impact on understanding disease pathology and therapeutic development.

Development of lithium ion batteries.

Development of High-Efficiency Silicon Photovoltaic Devices

For their pioneering work in conceptualizing a multi-step model of carcinogenesis and its application and impact on improving cancer diagnosis and therapy

For pioneering research contributing to the development of mRNA vaccines

For outstanding contributions to estimation of global biospheric productivity and climate change science using advanced formulas based on observation

Distinguished contributions to global long-distance, high-capacity optical fiber network through the development of semiconductor laser pumped optical amplifier

The development of methods that use genetically addressable light-sensitive membrane proteins to unravel neural circuit function

Establishment of a scientific foundation for understanding and predicting extreme weather events

Discovery of the nuclear hormone receptor family and its application to drug development