Меню Главная Случайная статья Настройки Участник:E737/Черновик/278-я стрелковая дивизия Материал из https://ru.wikipedia.org Содержание 1 Знаки в таблице 2 Цветовая схема в таблице 3 Перечень дивизий 4 См. также 5 Источники 6 Ссылки 7 Divisions of the Russian Civil War 7.1 Other Civil War rifle divisions 8 Divisions of the interwar years 9 Divisions of the Second World War 10 Note on Designations 11 Note on Sources 12 Rifle Divisions list 12.1 271 - 280 Divisions 13 Notes 14 References 15 See also 16 Rifle and Guards Rifle Divisions Знаки в таблице Знаком обозначены дивизии, которые имелись в составе вооружённых сил на момент окончания Великой Отечественной войны и принимали участие в боевых действиях. Летом 1945 года много дивизий было расформировано, но некоторые приняли участие в войне с Японией, в том числе и те, которые не участвовали в боевых действиях в ходе Великой Отечественной войны. В списке не приведены дивизии, которые переформировывались, переименовывались или преобразовывались летом 1945 года. Например, 7-я стрелковая дивизия летом 1945 года была преобразована в 118-ю гвардейскую стрелковую дивизию, но в этом качестве в боях не участвовала и в списке не приводится, хотя преобразование в гвардейскую отмечено. Равным образом, ряд гвардейских воздушно-десантных дивизий летом 1945 года были переформированы в гвардейские стрелковые и наоборот; их новые названия не приводятся. В списке также не приведены дивизии, которые хотя и были в составе вооружённых сил СССР, но во время войны не принимали участия в боевых действиях, например 57-я горнострелковая дивизия, находившаяся в Иране. Знаком обозначены дивизии, которые за боевые отличия в боях преобразованы в гвардейские. Количество гвардейских дивизий и преобразованных в гвардейские не совпадает, поскольку во-первых, ряд гвардейских дивизий формировался путём объединения стрелковых бригад, по крайней мере одна из которых была гвардейская. Во-вторых, воздушно-десантным дивизиям и стрелковым дивизиям, сформированным на базе воздушно-десантных формирований, гвардейское звание присваивалось при формировании. И в третьих, надо обратить внимание на четыре гвардейских формирования дивизий ленинградского ополчения, которые стали первыми гвардейскими частями вообще во время войны, но это звание им присвоено по формировании, без каких-либо заслуг, в порядке частной инициативы ленинградского руководства, очевидно в пропагандистских целях. Знаком обозначены дивизии, переименованные и получившие другой номер. Это производилось в первую очередь, в отношении дивизий народного ополчения, зачисленных в состав РККА, а в двух случаях, в связи с тем, что в составе РККА в одно и то же время имелись две дивизии с одинаковым номером. Переименование дивизии не предполагало собой переход на новый штат. Знаком обозначены дивизии, которые были переформированы по штату дивизии другого рода войск или в отдельных случаях, развёрнуты в корпус. В большинстве это коснулось моторизованных и отчасти танковых дивизий в начале войны, когда они были переформированы в стрелковые. Знаком обозначены дивизии, которые были расформированы. В подавляющем большинстве случаев, это либо окончательно разгромленные, с утратой Боевого Знамени и (или) документов штаба дивизии, либо понесшие такие потери, при которых восстановление дивизии как формирования было нецелесообразным. В основном, это характерно для периода 1941—1942 годов. Надо иметь в виду, что были многие дивизии, которые после таких же больших потерь восстанавливались в виде первоначального формирования. Это зависело от многих факторов: сохранения структуры управления дивизии, близостью транспортных коммуникаций и пополнения, обстановкой ы прифронтовой полосе и т. п. Однако, таким же знаком отмечены и дивизии, которые были расформированы по другим причинам прекращения существования соединения: оно могло быть влито в другое соединение, объединено с другим соединением или в результате иных организационно-штатных мероприятий. Цветовая схема в таблице Дивизии, создававшиеся как национальные формирования, то есть дивизии, которые формировались и пополнялись за счёт республик, входящих в состав СССР (Азербайджан, Армения, Грузия и т.п.). В некоторых случаях отмечены как национальные дивизии, созданные в том числе на базе национальных бригад, так например, 1-я стрелковая дивизия (2-го формирования) Дивизии, укомплектованные при формировании в основном народным ополчением. Наряду с собственно ополченческими дивизиями, отмечены также дивизии, которые переименованы из ополченческих. Дивизии, укомплектованные при формировании в основном личным составом войск НКВД. Отмечены дивизии, которые либо формировались за счёт войск НКВД, в том числе, пограничных, либо переформированные из дивизий войск НКВД, а также собственно, дивизии войск НКВД. В 1941-1943 годах наряду с охраной тыла армии, соединения НКВД приходилось использовать как обычные стрелковые дивизии, в 1943-1945 годах годах соединения НКВД в основном использовались по прямому назначению, вместе с тем, многие из них принимали участие в боевых эпизодах с участием регулярных формирований противника. Дивизии, укомплектованные при формировании в основном личным составом Военно-морского флота. Отмечены дивизии, которые сформированы полностью или частично за счёт морских стрелковых бригад и бригад морской пехоты. Дивизии, укомплектованные при формировании в основном личным составом Воздушно-десантных войск. Отмечены дивизии, которые созданы на основе соединений воздушно-десантных войск, а также собственно воздушно-десантные дивизии. Дивизии, переформированные из танковых и моторизованных. Отмечены дивизии, которые были переформированы в стрелковые из танковых, моторизованных и мотострелковых, в большинстве случаев - в начале войны в связи с потерями в материальной части Перечень дивизий Название Судьба дивизии 278-я стрелковая дивизия (1-го формирования) 278-я стрелковая дивизия (2-го формирования) 278-я стрелковая Хинганская дивизия См. также Список кавалерийских, танковых и артиллерийских дивизий РККА (1941-1945) Список авиационных дивизий военно-воздушных сил СССР (1941—1945) Источники Перечень № 5 стрелковых, горнострелковых, мотострелковых и механизированных дивизий РККА, входивших в состав действующей армии в годы Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945 гг. Перечень № 6 кавалерийских, танковых, воздушно-десантных дивизий и управлений артиллерийских, зенитно-артиллерийских, миномётных, авиационных и истребительных дивизий, входивших в состав действующей армии в годы Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945 гг. Ссылки Стрелковые дивизии The list of infantry divisions of the Soviet Union 1917–1957 details development and composition of infantry forces in the Soviet Union from the 1917 Revolution to the reorganisation of the Soviet Army in the aftermath of the Stalinist era. Mechanised Divisions were formed during 1945–46, and then all remaining Rifle Divisions were converted to Motor Rifle Divisions in 1957. Divisions of the Russian Civil War Many infantry (pekhotniye), literally 'movement', and rifle (strelkoviye), literally 'sharpshooter', divisions were inherited by the Workers-Peasants Army from the former Imperial Russian Army, but were renamed in the spirit of the Revolutionary times, often with names including words such as "Proletariat", "workers and peasants", or other titles that differentiated them from the past. They employed some of the 48,000 former Tsarist officers and 214,000 Tsarist NCOs along with over 10,000 administrative personnel. Initially the new Bolshevik rifle divisions were composed of rifle brigades, and included: two or three brigades of two regiments each[1] an artillery brigade a cavalry regiment a communications battalion a reconnaissance company an engineer battalion an air (balloon) detachment (otryad) an aviation group (aircraft) rear services The division was to have an establishment of 26,972, with 14,220 combat troops, and depended on 10,048 horses to manoeuvre. Due to difficulties with recruiting volunteers into the armed forces early in the Russian Civil War, conscription was introduced on the 29 May 1918, and all infantry divisions were renamed into rifle divisions on 11 October 1918. The first six of the 11 formed divisions were those formed in the Petrograd, Moscow, Orel, Yaroslav, Privolzhsk and Ural okrugs. However, the divisions were initially only numbered, eventually 1st through to 47th by 1919. Five of these divisions were also named. The Russian Civil War divisions were allocated to the various Fronts, including: Internal okrugs (reserve) - 1st to 11th divisions Northern Front - 18th and 19th divisions Eastern Front - 20th to 22nd, and 24th to 31st divisions Caspian-Caucasus Front - 32nd to 36th divisions Southern Front - 12th to 16th, 23rd, and 37th to 42nd divisions Western Front - 17th, 'Lithuanian', and Western Rifle Divisions In Petrograd headquarters command - 1st and 2nd 'Latvian' divisions In reserve of the Kiev headquarters command - 'Ukrainian' division Other Civil War rifle divisions 1st Don Rifle division - formed and disbanded in 1920 in the Penza-Saratov area of the Southern Front. 1st Communist Rifle division - formed in Tsaritsyn in 1918 and disbanded in 1919, its troops absorbed into the 4th Rifle Division as a brigade. 1st Red-Urals Rifle Division - formed in 1919 by the Eastern Front, and reformed as the Special Brigade of the 1st Revolutionary Army of Labour. 1st Novgorod Infantry Division - former Novgorod Infantry Division, was formed in April and disbanded in September 1918. 1st Orel Infantry Division - formed in the Orel area in April 1918 and disbanded by absorption into Novouzensk and Ural Infantry Divisions during Roslavl operations. 1st Ryazansk Infantry Division - formed in April 1918 from an armed detachment, and transferred to the Moscow okrug commissariat, but disbanded in September 1918 by transfer of its personnel into the 2nd Infantry Division. 1st "Simbirsk" Rifle Division formed 1918, redesignated 24th Rifle Division in 1922. 1st Petrograd Infantry Division—Formed at Petrograd, May 1918. Elements of the division were sent to the Eastern Front 1st Rifle Division (1918–1920) - Formed in the lakes region around Petrograd. Fought around Olonets with the 6th and 7th Armies from November 1918 into 1920. Defended the Aleksandrovsk-Melitopol railroad line on the Southern Front in August 1920. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner in October 1920. Reorganized as a brigade of the 15th Inzensk Rifle Division in November 1920. 2nd Rifle Division—Formed at Moscow, September 1918. Fought at Ufa on the Eastern Front, April-July 1919. Fought against Yudenich with the 7th Army, October-December 1919. Fought in the Polish Campaign in the Western Front, May-August 1920, and against Bulak-Balakhovich, October 1920. 5th Vitebsk Rifle Division (1918–1926) - former 2nd Penza pekhotnaya division, and 5th Saratov rifle division, first formed 1918 at Kurgan.Ошибка: некорректно задана дата установки (исправьте через подстановку шаблона) 6th 'Orlovski' Rifle Division (1918–1927) - former Gatchina division, and 3rd Petrograd pekhotnaya division; formed at Oryol area, which was to become part of the Moscow Military District. 16th Rifle Division - The Division was formed in May 1918 in the Tambov region from Ukrainian detachments of the Red Guards.[2] 44th Rifle Division Trans-Dnepr Rifle Division—Formed from partisan units of the Ukrainian Front, February 1919. Fought at Mariupol, Odessa, and Sevastopol, March-April 1919. Divided into the Crimean Red Army, 6th Ukrainian Rifle Division and 7th Insurgent Rifle Division, May 1919. 7th Insurgent Rifle Division—Formed from the 3rd Brigade of the Trans-Dnepr Rifle Division, May 1919. Fought in the Donbass, May 1919. Left the RKKA and became the core of the RIAU, August 1919. The establishment and organisation of the divisions (N 220/34) had changed by the end of 1918 to increase the number of regiments in brigades to three, while eliminating the artillery brigade headquarters, leaving the nine artillery divizions (battalions) and one horse artillery battery to be allocated to rifle brigades. An armoured auto detachment (otryad) was also instituted. By 1921 the establishment of the rifle division had changed substantially in accordance with TO&E N 1400/246 for peace-time, with two brigades and only 15,876 personnel, and the reduction of artillery to two battalions and one battery, and the cavalry from four to three squadron regiment. From 10 June 1922 the organisation of rifle divisions war changed from brigade to regiment structure, with three regiments in each. The establishment of divisions stationed in the border areas was reduced to 8,705 personnel, and those in the interior regions to 6,725, including the reduction to a single cavalry squadron. The number of divisions was increased to 49. Divisions of the interwar years Due to increasing economic difficulties in the post-war USSR, the armed forces were substantially reduced, and from 8 August 1923 transferred to the territorial system of organisation. All divisions were reduced to an establishment of 1,437 permanent cadre and 8,084 conscripted personnel. These new divisions were initially called militia-rifle divisions (рус. милиционной-стрелковая дивизия), and later were renamed territorial-militia divisions (рус. территориально-милиционная дивизия). However, despite reduction in number of service personnel, the number of territorial-militia divisions quadrupled by summer 1928. The territorial principle of manning the Red Army was introduced in the mid 1920s. In each region able-bodied men were called up for a limited period of active duty in territorial unit, which comprised about half the Army's strength, each year, for five years.[3] The first call-up period was for three months, with one month a year thereafter. A regular cadre provided a stable nucleus. By 1925 this system provided 46 of the 77 infantry divisions and one of the eleven cavalry divisions. The remainder consisted of regular officers and enlisted personnel serving two-year stints. Most of the divisions that participated in the Russian Civil War were disbanded by 1927, however, Leon Trotsky initiated a formation of the new armed force with a professional cadre which was supported in its evolution even after his departure from Soviet Union. The reform in the rifle forces that begun in 1924 did create some notable changes, including commencement of adding names to the regular and newly formed territorial divisions, and creation of national divisions, notably one Belarus, four Ukrainian, two Georgian, one Armenian, and one Azerbaijanian divisions. In 1928 1st and 3rd Turkestan, and in 1929 an Azerbaijanian divisions were reorganised as mountain-rifle divisions. Of the 70 rifle division, 41 were now territorial in their establishment. During the 1930s the RKKA infantry forces were not only expanded, but also substantially reorganised, in part due to substantial input of military theorists into their doctrinal development, such as that of Mikhail Tukhachevsky who's 1934 report to the Defence Committee included 13 types of infantry division divisions. On the 31 January 1935 the Committee decreed adoption of a single 13 thousand personnel peace-time establishment for a rifle division which included: three rifle regiments one artillery regiment: one tank battalion (mixed) separate reconnaissance battalion (light tank company, cavalry squadron and SP artillery battery) communications battalion separate anti-aircraft machine-gun company sapper company aviation flight rear services This structure more than double the number of combat personnel in the division from the 1929 establishment of 20.2% to 41.7%. In May 1937 the military commissars were added to the establishment of all RKKA military forces. On 29 November 1937 four types of structures for rifle forces were established: Far Eastern District divisions - 10,000 establishment Cadre divisions - 7,000 (6950) establishment Cadre mountain divisions - 4,000 establishment Cadre territorial divisions - 6,000 (5,220) establishment. These lacked the communications, reconnaissance and sapper battalions. The territorial system was reorganised, with all remaining formations converted to 'cadre' divisions, in 1937 and 1938[4], with the cadre divisions retaining one territorial regiment until reorganisation that followed 1938 restructuring of all armed forces. Kamchatka and Sakhalin divisions were also added in the wake of the Soviet–Japanese Border Wars. By 1938 there were plans to increase the number of rifle divisions in the RKKA from 98 to 173. These would include: 17 rifle divisions with 14 thousand personnel 1 rifle divisions with 12 thousand personnel (TO&E 04/400) 33 rifle divisions with 8.9 thousand personnel (TO&E 04/100) 76 rifle divisions with 6 thousand personnel (TO&E 04/120) 33 rifle divisions with 3 thousand personnel 13 mountain-rifle divisions with 4 thousand personnel The wartime strength of the new rifle division that was intended to include two artillery regiments was to have 18 thousand personnel, but none had been brought up to this strength by 1941. Divisions of the Second World War Two events shaped the evolution of the RKKA rifle divisions during the initial period of the Second World War: the decision in 1938 to reorganise the Army, in part due to and following the repressions of the officer corps in 1937, and the 1939 campaign in Poland, and later war against Finland. In the course of the war the Second World War the Soviet Union's Red Army raised over four hundred and fifty numbered rifle divisions (infantry). Usually the rifle divisions were controlled by the higher head-quarters of the Rifle Corps. But scores of these formations were reformed several times; the total number of divisional formations formed may have been as high as 2,000, according to Craig Crofoot. On 22 June 1941 the Red Army had 103 divisions in the western military districts, of which 70 were organised according to peace-time TO&E 04/100 with 10-thousand bayonet strength (actual number of rifles 7,818), but brought up to the 12-thousand strength (TO&E 04/400), with another six at the 11-thousand strength. Another 78 rifle divisions in the interior military districts were organised according to peace-time TO&E 04/120 6-thousand (5,864) bayonet strength (actual number of rifles 3,685). The wartime organisation of the RKKA rifle division was 14-thousand (14,483) with 10,420 rifles, but only 20 western border divisions had been brough up to this establishment when the war begun. Zaloga notes that the Red Army formed at least 42 'national' divisions during the Second World War, including four Azeri, five Armenian, and eight Georgian rifle divisions and a large number of cavalry divisions in Central Asia, including five Uzbek cavalry divisions. Note on Designations During the war, many divisions were formed, destroyed or otherwise disbanded, and reformed several times: A notional example, using imaginary designations, runs: 'The 501st Rifle Division (1st formation), readiness category B organised to 1937 tables may have been disbanded at Vyazma in 1941, and a new 501st Division (2nd formation), readiness category A organised on 1942 tables formed in Rostov thousands of km away, then renamed 200th Guards Rifle Division in 1944, and a new 501st (3rd formation), readiness category A organised to 1944 tables division formed in Minsk.' Note on Sources The main source used in the compilation of this page was Robert G. Poirier and Albert Z. Conner's The Red Army Order of Battle in the Great Patriotic War, published by Novato: Presidio Press, in 1985. Poirer and Conner primarily used the wartime files of the German Foreign Armies East ('FHO') intelligence section, of which substantial sections are now held by the U.S. national archives. Thus this page represents primarily pre-1989, Western scholarship; however new materials available since 1989, primarily A.G. Lenski's 2000 book, have also been inserted where available. Rifle Divisions list 271 - 280 Divisions 271st Rifle Division—established at Orel 7.41, fought at Moscow, Makhachkala, Kursk, in the Carpathians, and at Budapest. With 38th Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front 5.45. 272nd Rifle Division—established at Tikhvin Jul 1941. Fought on Svir River and near Danzig. With 2nd Shock Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front May 1945. 273rd Rifle Division—established at Dnepropetrovsk 8.41 and wiped out there 9.41. Recreated at Podolsk 7.42, fought at Stalingrad and in Belorussia. With 6th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45. 274th Rifle Division—established at Zaporozhye 8.41, fought at the Puawy Bridgehead and Berlin. With 69th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front 5.45. 275th Rifle Division—established at Novo-Moskovsk 8.41, fought at Digora, inactivated 12.42. Recreated in Far East 8.44, with 2nd Rifle Corps of the Transbaikal Front 5.45. 276th Rifle Division—established at Simferopol 3.41 and wiped out at Kerch 5.42. Recreated at Kutaisi 10.42, as Georgian national formation. Fought on the Terek River and in the Carpathians, and gained titles 'Temiryukskaya Red Banner.' With 38th Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front 5.45. 277th Rifle Division—established at Dimitriyev 8.41 and wiped out at Korep 9.41. Recreated at Frolov 1.42, fought at Stalingrad, Rosslavl, and Vilnius. With 5th Army of the RVGK 5.45. 278th Rifle Division—established at Livny 8.41 and wiped out at Bryansk 10.41. Recreated near Stalingrad 1.42, fought at Stalingrad and became the 60th Guards Rifle Division 1.43. Recreated ?, with 36th Army of the Transbaikal Front 5.45. 279th Rifle Division—established at Dzerzhinsk Jul 1941. Wiped out at Bryansk Oct 1941. Recreated at Balachina Aug 1942. Fought at Zaporozhye, in the Ukraine, Crimea, and Kurland. With 51st Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945. 280th Rifle Division—established at Tula 7.41, wiped out at Bryansk 10.41, recreated at Voronezh 1.43, fought at Kursk and Korosten. With 13th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front 5.45. Notes Seaton, p. 42 Crofoot, Armies of the Bear, Vol. I Part 1 Scott and Scott, 1979, p.12 David Glantz, Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War 1941–43, University Press of Kansas, 2005, p. 717 note 5. References Goff, James F., The mysterious high-numbered Red Army rifle divisions, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Vol. 11, No.4, December 1998, pp. 195–202 Glantz, David M., Colossus Reborn, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7006-1353-6. Glantz, David M., Companion to Colossus Reborn, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7006-1359-5. А. Г. Ленский, Сухопутные силы РККА в предвоенные годы. Справочник. — Санкт-Петербург Б&К, 2000 Robert G. Poirier and Albert Z. Conner, The Red Army Order of Battle in the Great Patriotic War, Novato: Presidio Press, 1985. ISBN 0-89141-237-9. Steven J. Zaloga and Leland S. Ness, Red Army Handbook 1941–1945, Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, 1998. ISBN 0-7509-1740-7. Albert Seaton and Joan Seaton, The Soviet Army 1918 to the present, New York: New American Library, 1986. ISBN 0-453-00551-9. Боевой Состав Советской Армии 1941–1945 (Official Soviet Army Order of Battle from General Staff Archives). http://samsv.narod.ru/ Link from the 223rd Rifle Division found here See also List of Soviet Union divisions 1917-1945 List of Soviet Army divisions 1989-91 Army (Soviet Army) ru:Список стрелковых, горнострелковых, мотострелковых, механизированных и воздушно-десантных дивизий РККА, дивизий НКВД (1941—1945) The Soviet Union's Red Army raised divisions during the Russian Civil War, and again during the interwar period from 1926. Few of the Civil War divisions were retained into this period, and even fewer survived the reorganisation of the Red Army during the 1937-1941 period. During the Second World War 400 'line' rifle divisions (infantry), 129 Soviet Guards rifle divisions, and over 50 cavalry divisions as well as many divisions of other combat support arms were raised in addition to the hundreds of divisions that existed in the Red Army before Operation Barbarossa. Almost all the pre-war mechanised and tank divisions were disbanded during the war. There were also Red Air Force aviation divisions, and the NKVD divisions which also took part in fighting. However in contrast to Wikipedia's reasonably complete descriptions of U.S., British, and German divisions, only a few Soviet divisions have articles here, mostly because the detailed histories have either not been translated from Russian or have not been fully released from the official archives. (See Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias). The territorial principle of manning the Red Army was introduced in the mid 1920s. In each region able-bodied men were called up for a limited period of active duty in a territorial unit, which comprised about half the Army's strength, each year, for five years.[1] The first call-up period was for three months, with one month a year thereafter. A regular cadre provided a stable nucleus. By 1925 this system provided 46 of the 77 infantry divisions and one of the eleven cavalry divisions. The remainder consisted of regular officers and enlisted personnel serving two-year stints. The territorial system was finally abolished, with all remaining formations converted to the other 'cadre' divisions, in 1937 and 1938.[2] The Red Army formed at least 42 divisions during the Second World War which had substantial ethnic majorities in their composition derived from location of initial formation rather than intentional "nationalisation" of the divisions, including four Azeri, five Armenian, and eight Georgian rifle divisions and a large number of cavalry divisions in the eastern Ukraine, Kuban region, and Central Asia, including five Uzbek cavalry divisions. See ru:Национальные воинские подразделения РККА. Rifle and Guards Rifle Divisions See: List of infantry divisions of the Soviet Union 1917–1957 Scott and Scott, 1979, p.12 David Glantz, Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War 1941–43, University Press of Kansas, 2005, p. 717 note 5.