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Kuvandyk corridor - geopolitical term, used to designate the Kuvandyk district (sometimes the neighboring Gaisky district) of Orenburg Oblast in two meanings:
- as a territory connecting the European and Asian parts of Russia, its regions with the Russian ethnic majority of the population;
- as a territory connecting the central and eastern parts of the Orenburg region;
The first meaning of the term was especially popular among the alarmist politicians of the “patriotic” direction in the 1990s, when after the collapse of the USSR, Orenburg Oblast became cross-border in relation to Kazakhstan. In this sense, the presence of a narrow (50-60 km wide) “bridge” between independent Kazakhstan and one of the federal republics of Russia with a Turkic-Muslim population, Bashkortostan, was seen as a salvation condition for maintaining the unity of the Russian Federation. On the other hand, individual officials of Bashkortostan spoke about Kuvandyk corridor as the "imperial enclave" that divides the muslim peoples. The second meaning of the term is later and neutral and is used in modern books, textbooks and publications of regional importance.
History
Kuvandyk corridor formally formed in March 1935, when part of the Zianchursky district (one of the peripheral districts of the Little Bashkiria) was transferred from the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to Orenburg Oblast. It led to the destruction of common sections of the border between Kazakhstan and Bashkortostan that existed from 1919 (the proclamation of autonomous Bashkiria) - 1920 (merger of Kazakhstan with Orenburg Oblast). There was a separation of Orenburg and Kazakhstan in 1924, (see Orenburg and the first Russian national autonomy), and since then, for more than 10 yearsOrenburg Oblast acquired its new shape. Transmission Kuvandyk corridor in its composition allowed to significantly increase the territory area due east districts. Hardly Kuvandyk corridor was considered in middle 1930s., In the conditions of complete control of the Communists throughout the territory of USSR, as a real counterbalance to the Kazakh-Bashkir (and more broadly - Turkic-muslim) unity. And although hypothetically such unity could really frighten the supporters of a totalitarian state, until 1991 the question of Kuvandyk corridor never posed and had no politic filling.[1][2]
References
- https://interpretive.ru/termin/kuvandykskii-koridor.html
- Ислам на Урале энциклопедический словарь
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