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Äàííûå äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ãðàôîàíàëèòè÷åñêîãî îòñåèâàþùåãî ýêñïåðèìåíòà.[1]
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Ìåòîä Ïëàêåòòà-Áåðìàíࠗ ìåòîä ïëàíèðîâàíèÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòà, ïðåäñòàâëåííûé â 1946 ãîäó Ðîáèíîì Ë. Ïëàêåòòîì è Äæ. Ï. Áåðìàíîì[2][3].

Ìåòîä ïîçâîëÿåò âûáðàòü íåñêîëüêî (îáû÷íî 3—5) íàèáîëåå âàæíûõ ôàêòîðîâ (ïðåäèêòîðîâ). Äàëåå ýêñïåðèìåíò ìîæåò áûòü îïòèìèçèðîâàí ñ ïîìîùüþ ìåòîäà ïîâåðõíîñòè îòêëèêà (RSM), ìåòîäà Áîêñà-Áåíêåíà (BBD) èëè öåíòðàëüíî ñîñòàâíîãî ìåòîäà (CCD). Ïëàêåò è Áåðìàí ñòðåìèëèñü îðãàíèçîâàòü ýêñïåðèìåíòû äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ çàâèñèìîñòè íåêîòîðîé èçìåðÿåìîé âåëè÷èíû îò ðÿäà íåçàâèñèìûõ ïåðåìåííûõ (ôàêòîðîâ), êàæäàÿ èç êîòîðûõ ïðèíèìàåò L óðîâíåé, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷òîáû ìèíèìèçèðîâàòü äèñïåðñèþ îöåíîê ýòèõ çàâèñèìîñòåé ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì îãðàíè÷åííîãî ÷èñëà ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ. Âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ìåæäó ôàêòîðàìè ñ÷èòàëèñü íåçíà÷èòåëüíûìè. Ðåøåíèå ýòîé ïðîáëåìû ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òîáû íàéòè ïëàí ýêñïåðèìåíòà, â êîòîðîì êàæäàÿ êîìáèíàöèÿ óðîâíåé äëÿ ëþáîé ïàðû ôàêòîðîâ âñòðå÷àåòñÿ îäèíàêîâîå êîëè÷åñòâî ðàç âî âñåõ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ çàïóñêàõ (ñì. òàáëèöó). Ïîëíûé ôàêòîðíûé ýêñïåðèìåíò óäîâëåòâîðÿë áû ýòîìó êðèòåðèþ, íî èäåÿ ñîñòîÿëà â òîì, ÷òîáû íàéòè ìåíüøèå ïëàíû. Êîãäà âûäåëèòü íåçàâèñèìûé ôàêòîð íåâîçìîæíî, âîçíèêàåò ñïóòûâàþùàÿ ïåðåìåííàÿ. Ìèíèìàëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ ðàâíî 4.

Ïðèìåð. Öåëü èñïûòàíèÿ — îïðåäåëèòü ôàêòîðû, êîòîðûå óëó÷øàò ñðîê ñëóæáû èçäåëèÿ. Èññëåäóþòñÿ ñåìü ôàêòîðîâ. Äâóõóðîâíåâûé ïîëíûé ôàêòîðíûé ïëàí ïîòðåáîâàë áû 27-128 ïðîãîíîâ è, òàêèì îáðàçîì, áûë áû ñëèøêîì òðóäîžìêèì è äîðîãîñòîÿùèì. Ïîýòîìó âìåñòî ýòîãî ìîæíî ïðîâåñòè âîñüìèêðàòíûé ýêñïåðèìåíò Ïëàêåòòà-Áåðìàíà.[4]

Äëÿ óðîâíåé L=2, èñïîëüçóåòñÿ Ïîñòðîåíèå Ïàëåÿ ñ êâàäðàòíûìè ìàòðèöàìè, âñå ýëåìåíòû êîòîðûõ ðàâíû 1 èëè 1 (ìàòðèöû Àäàìàðà). Ìåòîä Ïàëåÿ ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ìàòðèö ðàçìåðà N, ãäå N êðàòíî 4.  ÷àñòíîñòè, ýòî ðàáîòàëî äëÿ âñåõ N äî 100, êðîìå N=92. Îäíàêî, åñëè N ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñòåïåíüþ äâîéêè, ðåçóëüòèðóþùèé ïëàí èäåíòè÷åí äðîáíî-ôàêòîðíîìó ïëàíó, ïîýòîìó ïëàíû Ïëàêåòòà-Áåðìàíà â îñíîâíîì èñïîëüçóþòñÿ, êîãäà N êðàòíî 4, íî íå ñòåïåíè 2 (òî åñòü N=12, 20, 24, 28, 36…).[5] Åñëè êòî-òî ïûòàåòñÿ îöåíèòü ìåíåå N ïàðàìåòðîâ (âêëþ÷àÿ îáùåå ñðåäíåå), òî îí ïðîñòî èñïîëüçóåò ïîäìíîæåñòâî ñòîëáöîâ ìàòðèöû.

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– – – – – – – + + + + – – – – + + – – – – + + + + + + + + – – + + – – + + – – 
P.B.44
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P.B.48
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+ + + + + – – + – + – + + + – – + – – + + – + + – – – + – + – + + – – – – + – – – – – + + + – 
+ + + + – – + – – + + – + + – – – + – + – + + – – – – + – – – – – + + + + – + + + + – – + – – 
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+ + – + + – – – – + – – – – – + + + + – + + + + – – + – + – + + + – – + – – + + – + + – – – – 
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+ – – + – + – + + – – – – + – – – – – + + + + – + + + + – – + – + – + + + – – + – – + + – + – 
+ – – + – – + + – + + – – – + – + – + + – – – – + – – – – – + + + + – + + + + – – + – + – + + 
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+ – – – + – – – – – + + + + – + + + + – – + – + – + + + – – + – – + + – + + – – – + – + – + – 
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Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ
  1. Ä.À.Äåãòÿðåâ, ê.ò.í. ÏÎØÀÃÎÂÀß ÌÅÒÎÄÈÊÀ ÏÐÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß ÌÍÎÃÎÔÀÊÒÎÐÍÎÃÎ ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒÀ. Äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ: 27 íîÿáðÿ 2022. Àðõèâèðîâàíî 27 íîÿáðÿ 2022 ãîäà.
  2. R.L. Plackett and J.P. Burman, «The Design of Optimum Multifactorial Experiments», Biometrika 33 (4), pp. 305-25, June 1946 doi:10.1093/biomet/33.4.305
  3. Ïëàíû Ïëàêåòòà — Áåðìàíà. Studref. Äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ: 15 íîÿáðÿ 2022.
  4. Wu, Jeff and Hamada, Michael, Experiments: Planning, Analysis, And Parameter Design Optimization, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000
  5. Ledolter, Johannes. Testing 1-2-3: experimental design with applications in marketing and service operations / Johannes Ledolter, Swersey, Arthur J. — Stanford University Press, 2007. — ISBN 978-0-8047-5612-9.
Downgrade Counter