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Bombylius
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Жужжало^[1]^[2], или жужжало обыкновенный^[3] (лат. Bombylius), — род двукрылых из семейства жужжал (Bombyliidae). Встречаются повсеместно.

Содержание

Описание

Мухи-жужжалы средних размеров (от 4 мм до 17 мм). Имеют длинный хоботок (превышающий 0,5 длины тела), тело покрыто многочисленными длинными волосками, как правило, жёлтого и чёрного цвета. Имаго встречаются на цветках, летают около дорог, личинки паразитируют на жалоносных перепончатокрылых^[4].

Все виды рода имеют сходство с неродственными пчелами и шмелями, которым они подражают, обладая густым мехом, цвет которого варьируется от жёлтого до оранжевого. Однако их можно отличить от своих моделей по длинному и жесткому хоботку, который используется для поиска нектара во время полёта (подобно колибри), по быстрому и стремительному полету, а также по особому строению ног. В виде личинок они являются паразитами и заселяют гнёзда одиночных пчел (и, возможно, ос)^[5], потребляя их запасы пищи и личинок.

Классификация

Известно около 300 видов^[6]^[7]^[8]. В Палеарктике более 170 видов^[4].

Bombylius aaroni Baez, 1983^{c g}
Bombylius abominalis Wiedemann, 1828^{c g}
Bombylius acrophylax Greathead, 1991^{c g}
Bombylius aestivus Johnson and Johnson, 1975^{i c g}
Bombylius agilis Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius aksarayensis Hasbenli & Zaitzev, 2000^{c g}
Bombylius albaminis Seguy, 1949^{c g}
Bombylius albicapillus Loew, 1872^{i c g b}
Bombylius albopenicillatoides (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius albopenicillatus Bigot, 1892^{i c g}
Bombylius albosparsus Bigot, 1892^{c g}
Bombylius aleophilus (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius alexanderi Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius altaicus Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius altimyia Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius altivolans Francois, 1969^{c g}
Bombylius ambustus Pallas & Wiedemann, 1818^{c g}
Bombylius analis Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius angulatus Macquart, 1826^{c g}
Bombylius antennipilosus Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius anthophilus Evenhius, 1983^{i c g b}
Bombylius anthophoroides Evenhuis, 1977^{i c g}
Bombylius apertus (Macquart, 1847)^{c g}
Bombylius apulus (Cyrillus, 1791)^{c g}
Bombylius ardens Walker, 1849^{c g}
Bombylius arenosus Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius argentarius Seguy, 1934^{c g}
Bombylius argentifacies Austen, 1937^{c g}
Bombylius arizonicus Hall, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius armeniacus Paramonov, 1925^{c g}
Bombylius atriceps Loew, 1863^{i c g b}
Bombylius atropos (Thunberg, 1789)^{c g}
Bombylius audcenti Bowden, 1984^{c g}
Bombylius aureocookae Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius aureus (Evenhuis, 1977)^{i c g}
Bombylius aurifer Osten Sacken, 1877^{i c g b}
Bombylius auriferoides Johnson and Johnson, 1975^{i c g}
Bombylius austini Painter, 1933^{i c g}
Bombylius axillaris Meigen, 1830^{c g}
Bombylius aztec Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius balion Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius ballmeri Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius basifumatus Speiser, 1914^{c g}
Bombylius bathi Evenhuisⁱ
Bombylius bedouinus Efflatoun, 1945^{c g}
Bombylius bellus (Philippi, 1865)^{c g}
Bombylius bicolor (Loew, 1861)^{c g}
Bombylius boharti Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius breviabdominalis Evenhuis, 1977^{i c g b}
Bombylius brevirostris Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius brunettii Senior-White, 1922^{c g}
Bombylius cachinnans Osten Sacken, 1877^{i c g}
Bombylius c-album Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius californicus Evenhuis and Tabet, 1981^{i c g}
Bombylius callopterus Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius calus (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius canadensis Curran, 1933^{i c g}
Bombylius candidifrons Austen, 1937^{c g}
Bombylius candidus Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius canescens Mikan, 1796^{c g}
Bombylius capensis Linnaeus, 1764^{c g}
Bombylius chinensis Paramonov, 1931^{c g}
Bombylius cinerarius Pallas & Wiedemann, 1818^{c g}
Bombylius cinerascens Mikan, 1796^{c g}
Bombylius cinereus Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius cinerivus Painter, 1962^{i c g}
Bombylius cirrhopus Evenhuis, 1978^{c g}
Bombylius citrinus Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius clio Williston, 1901^{i c g}
Bombylius coahuilensis (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius collaris Becker, 1906^{c g}
Bombylius comanche Painter, 1962^{i c g b}
Bombylius comastes Brunetti, 1909^{c g}
Bombylius coquilletti Williston, 1899^{i c g b}
Bombylius crassitarsis Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius cruciatus Fabricius, 1798^{c g}
Bombylius curtirhynchus Evenhuis, 1978^{i c g b}
Bombylius debilis Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius depictus Milne Edwards, 1828^{c g}
Bombylius deserticola Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius desertivagus Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius diagonalis Wiedemann, 1820^{c g}
Bombylius dichoptus Hall, 1976^{c g}
Bombylius diegoensis Painter, 1933^{i c g b}
Bombylius dimidiatus Macquart, 1840^{c g}
Bombylius discolor Mikan, 1796^{c g}
Bombylius dolorosus Williston, 1901^{c g}
Bombylius dolorsus Williston, 1901^{i c g}
Bombylius dorsalis Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius duncani Painter, 1940^{i c g}
Bombylius eboreus Painter, 1940^{i c g}
Bombylius efflatounbeyi Evenhuis, 1978^{c g}
Bombylius elbayensis Efflatoun, 1945^{c g}
Bombylius elongatus Rossi, 1794^{c g}
Bombylius eploceus Seguy, 1949^{c g}
Bombylius erectus Brunetti, 1909^{c g}
Bombylius erythrocerus Bezzi, 1901^{c g}
Bombylius exiguus Walker, 1871^{c g}
Bombylius facialis Cresson, 1919^{i c g}
Bombylius fallax Austen, 1937^{c g}
Bombylius favillaceus Meigen, 1820^{c g}
Bombylius femoralis Bezzi, 1924^{c g}
Bombylius fimbratus Meigen, 1820^{c g}
Bombylius fimbriatus Meigen, 1820^g
Bombylius fisheri Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius flavicalcaratus Lindner, 1979^{c g}
Bombylius flavifacies Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius flavipes Wiedemann, 1828^g
Bombylius flavipilosus Cole, 1923^{i c g}
Bombylius flaviplosus Cole, 1923^{c g}
Bombylius flavissimus Greathead, 1980^{c g}
Bombylius floccosus Loew, 1857^g
Bombylius forbesi Evenhuis, 1983^{c g}
Bombylius fraudator Greathead, 1991^{c g}
Bombylius fraudulentus Johnson, 1907^{i c g b}
Bombylius frommerorum Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius fulvescens Wiedemann, 1820^g
Bombylius fulvibasoides Painter, 1962^{i c g b}
Bombylius fulvipes Villers, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius fulvonotatus Wiedemann, 1818^{c g}
Bombylius fulvulus Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius fulvus (Hall & Evenhuis, 1981)^{c g}
Bombylius fumosus Dufour, 1852^{c g}
Bombylius fuscus Fabricius, 1781^{c g}
Bombylius gossyporrhus Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius goyaz (Macquart, 1840)^{c g}
Bombylius gracilipes Becker, 1906^{c g}
Bombylius grandiosus Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius haemorrhoicum (Loew, 1863)^{c g}
Bombylius haemorrhoidalis Bezzi, 1921^{c g}
Bombylius halli Evenhuis and Tabet, 1981^{i c g}
Bombylius haywardi Edwards, 1937^{c g}
Bombylius helvus Wiedemann, 1821^{i c g b}
Bombylius hesychastes (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius heximaculatus Loew, 1872^b
Bombylius hololeucus Loew, 1873^{c g}
Bombylius horni Paramonov, 1931^{c g}
Bombylius hypoxantha Loew, 1863^{c g}
Bombylius incanus Johnson, 1907^{i c g b}
Bombylius incognitus Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius inconspicus Greathead, 1967^{c g}
Bombylius insularis (Bigot, 1857)^{c g}
Bombylius io Williston, 1901^{i c g}
Bombylius iphiculus (Hall & Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g b}
Bombylius iranicus Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius japygus Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius kanabensis Johnson and Johnson, 1975^{i c g}
Bombylius kirgizorum Zaitzev, 1989^{c g}
Bombylius koreanus Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius kozlovi Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius kugleri Zaitzev, 1995^{c g}
Bombylius kutshurganicus Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius lancifer Osten Sacken, 1877^{i c g b}
Bombylius landbecki Philippi, 1865^{c g}
Bombylius lassenensis Painter, 1965^{i c g}
Bombylius leberi Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius lejostomus Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius leucopygus Macquart, 1846^{c g}
Bombylius loriae (Evenhuis, 1977)^{c g}
Bombylius lusitanicus Meigen, 1830^{c g}
Bombylius luteolus Evenhuis, 1978^{c g}
Bombylius macfarlandi Evenhuis, 1985^{i c g}
Bombylius maculatus Fabricius, 1775^{c g}
Bombylius maculithorax Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius maculosus (Painter, 1926)^{i c g}
Bombylius magnificus Evenhuis, 1980^{c g}
Bombylius major Linnaeus, 1758^{i c g b}
Bombylius marebensis Greathead, 1967^{c g}
Bombylius marginatus (Cyrillus, 1792)^{c g}
Bombylius marilynae Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius massaurensis Greathead, 1967^{c g}
Bombylius mauritanus Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius maurus Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius medius Linnus, 1758^{c g}
Bombylius medorae Painter, 1940^{i c g}
Bombylius meigeni Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius melanopygus Bigot, 1861^{c g}
Bombylius mendax Austen, 1937^{c g}
Bombylius metopium Osten Sacken, 1877^{i c g}
Bombylius mexicanus Wiedemann, 1821^{i c g b}
Bombylius micropsarus Evenhuis, 1980^{c g}
Bombylius minor Linnus, 1758^{c g}
Bombylius mobilis Loew, 1873^{c g}
Bombylius moctezuma Hall and Evenhuisⁱ
Bombylius modestoides Bowden, 1975^{c g}
Bombylius modestus Loew, 1873^{c g}
Bombylius mohavensis Evenhuis, 1975^{i c g b}
Bombylius montanus Johnson and Johnson, 1975^{i c g}
Bombylius montium Francois, 1955^{c g}
Bombylius morelos Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius morio Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius morosus Meijere, 1913^{c g}
Bombylius moussayensis Efflatoun, 1945^{c g}
Bombylius mus Bigot, 1862^{c g}
Bombylius narynensis Zaitzev, 1989^{c g}
Bombylius navajo (Hall and Evenhius)^{i g}
Bombylius neithokris Jaennicke, 1867^{c g}
Bombylius neopallidus Hall and Evenhuisⁱ
Bombylius neopulcher Hall and Evenhuisⁱ
Bombylius neotropicus Evenhuis, 1984^{c g}
Bombylius nephthys (Hall and Evenhuis, 1980)^{i c g}
Bombylius nevadensis Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius nicholsonae Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius nigricolor Francois, 1969^{c g}
Bombylius nigripes Macquart, 1834^{c g}
Bombylius nigriventris Johnson and Johnson, 1975^{i c g}
Bombylius nigrofemoratus Painter^{i c g}
Bombylius niveus Meigen, 1804^{c g}
Bombylius nubilus Mikan, 1796^{c g}
Bombylius nudus Villers, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius numidus Macquart, 1846^{c g}
Bombylius obliquus Brull, 1833^{c g}
Bombylius obscuripennis Paramonov, 1929^{c g}
Bombylius oceanus Becker, 1908^{c g}
Bombylius ochraceus Bigot, 1892^{c g}
Bombylius olgae Zaitzev, 1995^{c g}
Bombylius olivierii Macquart, 1840^{c g}
Bombylius olsufjevi Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius orientalis Macquart, 1840^{c g}
Bombylius ovatus Hall, 1976^{c g}
Bombylius painteri Evenhuis, 1978^{i c g}
Bombylius painterorum (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius pallens Wiedemann, 1820^{c g}
Bombylius pallidicruris Brull, 1833^{c g}
Bombylius pallidipilus Greathead, 1967^{c g}
Bombylius pallidus Abbassian-Lintzen, 1965^{c g}
Bombylius pamiricus Zaitzev, 1989^{c g}
Bombylius paradoxus (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius pardalotus Francois, 1969^{c g}
Bombylius pauli Zaitzev, 2003^{c g}
Bombylius pendens Cole and Lovett, 1919^{i c g}
Bombylius pericaustus Loew, 1873^{c g}
Bombylius persicus Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius phaeopterus Bezzi, 1924^{c g}
Bombylius phlogmodes Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius pintuarius Baez, 1983^{c g}
Bombylius plichtai Hall and Evenhuis, 1980^{i c g}
Bombylius plumipes Drury, 1773^{c g}
Bombylius podagricus Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius polius Zaitzev, 2004^{c g}
Bombylius polypogon Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius posticus Fabricius, 1805^{c g}
Bombylius postversicolor Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius primogenitus Walker, 1849^{c g}
Bombylius probellus Hardy, 1942^{c g}
Bombylius propinquus Brunetti, 1909^{c g}
Bombylius proximocruciatus Abbassian-Lintzen, 1965^{c g}
Bombylius pulchellus Loew, 1863^{i c g b}
Bombylius pulcher (Painter, 1926)^{i c g}
Bombylius pulcherrimus Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius pumilus Meigen, 1820^{c g}
Bombylius punctipennis Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius pusiellus Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius pygmaeus Fabricius, 1781^{i c g b}
Bombylius pyrrhothrix (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius quadricolor Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius quadrifarius Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius queretaroensis Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius quirinus Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius ravus Loew, 1863^{i c g}
Bombylius recedens Walker, 1852^{c g}
Bombylius reginae Evenhuis, 1984^{c g}
Bombylius repeteki Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius rhea Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius rhodius Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius roonwali Zaitzev, 1988^{c g}
Bombylius rossicus Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius rufiventris Macquart, 1846^{c g}
Bombylius rufum Olivier, 1789^{c g}
Bombylius ruizi Edwards, 1937^{c g}
Bombylius ruoanalis Macqaurt, 1850^{c g}
Bombylius rutilous (Hall. 1975)^{i c g}
Bombylius rutilus (Hall, 1975)^{i g}
Bombylius saudiensis Greathead, 1980^{c g}
Bombylius schaeuffelei Lindner, 1979^{c g}
Bombylius semifuscus Meigen, 1820^{c g}
Bombylius seminiger Becker, 1906^{c g}
Bombylius semirufus (Loew, 1872)^{c g}
Bombylius senilis (Fabricius, 1794)^{c g}
Bombylius septentrionalis (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius shah Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius shelkovnikovi Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius shibakawae Matsumura, 1916^{c g}
Bombylius sierra Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius silvus Cole and Lovett, 1919^{i c g}
Bombylius similis (Modeer, 1786)^{c g}
Bombylius simplicipennis Bezzi, 1924^{c g}
Bombylius simulans Austen, 1937^{c g}
Bombylius socotrae Greathead, 1969^{c g}
Bombylius spinipes Thomson, 1869^{c g}
Bombylius spinulosus Hasbenli & Zaitzev, 2000^{c g}
Bombylius striatifrons Becker, 1906^{c g}
Bombylius subacutus Hesse, 1938^{c g}
Bombylius subflavus (Painter, 1926)^{i c g}
Bombylius submaculosus (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius succandidus Roberts, 1928^{c g}
Bombylius suffusa Walker, 1849^{c g}
Bombylius susianae Abbassian-Lintzen, 1965^{c g}
Bombylius sylphae Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius syndesmus (Coquillett, 1894)^{i c}
Bombylius syrinx Evenhuis, 1980^{c g}
Bombylius sytshuanensis Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius taxcoensis Hall & Evenhuis, 1981^{c g}
Bombylius taxconesis (Hall and Evenhuis, 1981)^{i c g}
Bombylius tephroleucus Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius terminalis Brunetti, 1909^{c g}
Bombylius testaceiventris Paramonov, 1925^{c g}
Bombylius texanus Painter, 1933^{i c g b}
Bombylius thapsinoides Evenhuis, 1978^{c g}
Bombylius torquatus Loew, 1855^{c g}
Bombylius trichurus Pallas, 1818^{c g}
Bombylius tripudians Bezzi, 1924^{c g}
Bombylius tuckeri Hesse, 1938^{c g}
Bombylius turanicus Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius turcmenicus Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius uniformis Paramonov, 1955^{c g}
Bombylius ushinskii Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius uzbekorum Paramonov, 1926^{c g}
Bombylius vagabundus Meigen, 1830^{c g}
Bombylius vagans Meigen, 1830^{c g}
Bombylius valdivianus Rondani, 1863^{c g}
Bombylius validus Loew, 1863^{i c g b}
Bombylius vallicola Evenhuis and Tabet, 1981^{i c g}
Bombylius vansoni Hesse, 1936^{c g}
Bombylius varius Fabricius, 1805^{i c g b}
Bombylius venosus Mikan, 1796^{c g}
Bombylius vittatus (Painter, 1926)^{i c g}
Bombylius vlasovi Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius wadensis Efflatoun, 1945^{c g}
Bombylius walkeri Evenhuis, 1978^{c g}
Bombylius washingtoniensis Evenhuis, 1978^{i c g}
Bombylius watanabei Matsumura, 1916^{c g}
Bombylius waterbergensis Hesse, 1938^{c g}
Bombylius willistoni Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius xanthinus Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius xanthothrix Evenhuis, 1978^{i c g}
Bombylius zapataensis Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius zarudnyi Paramonov, 1940^{c g}
Bombylius zephyr Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}
Bombylius zircon Evenhuis, 1984^{i c g}
Bombylius zonicus Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^{c g}

Источники: i = ITIS^[6], c = Catalogue of Life^[9], g = GBIF^[7], b = Bugguide.net^[8]

Примечания

Горностаев Г. Н. Насекомые СССР. Справочники-определители географа и путешественника. — М.: Мысль, 1970. — С. 319. — 372 с.
¹ ²
Searching for the Right Target: Oviposition and Feeding Behavior in Bombylius Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) (неопр.). Дата обращения: 25 марта 2023. Архивировано 25 марта 2023 года.
¹ ² Bombylius Report (неопр.). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Дата обращения: 23 апреля 2018. Архивировано 24 апреля 2018 года.
¹ ² Bombylius (неопр.). GBIF. Дата обращения: 23 апреля 2018. Архивировано 24 апреля 2018 года.
¹ ² Bombylius Genus Information (неопр.). BugGuide.net. Дата обращения: 23 апреля 2018. Архивировано 24 апреля 2018 года.
Catalogue of Life (неопр.). Дата обращения: 23 апреля 2018. Архивировано 10 сентября 2018 года.

Литература